■ The kingdom of kaffa 14c -20th c
.Land is kaffaa
.The people of kaffa are called kaffecho
The kaffa tax collectors are called Tate-kisho
■ The Matto before 1390 and minjo come from the first king minjilo were the famous dynasties of the kaffa
□ The title of kings of kaffa is called Tato
□ mikercho - the assisted by state councilors.
• The territories of kaffa were watch Tower, secretly erected at high points to watch and detect enemies
•The kaffac was incorporated during their last king called Tato Gaki sirocco in 1897
2.The kingdom of yem
▪︎ Mowa -ruled by dynasties of yem
▪︎Ano-Title kingdom of yem and conquered in 1894 by Menelik
▪︎ Waso-the Council of official known as astesor, that chaired by official had title.
◇ The province and sub provinces of yem were ruled official title by Erasho(rasho) AND Gena respectively
3.The kingdom of Wolayta
The two dynasties of the Wolayta
A.Walayta malla 14-15 th century
B.Tigre (16thc 19th century)
¤ THE dynasty of Walayta malla was founded by Motalami, who was the king of Damot
▪︎ KAWO-the royal title of king of walayta .
▪︎ The Goqa was the privileged warrior class of walayta ,which resided around the court kings.
▪︎ wolayta was submitted to Menelik II during the last king called kawo Tona in 1894
4.THE KINGDOM OF SHEKA
▪︎founded East of baro and West of kaffa ,gojeb rivers
▪︎Batto and Bushasho- the ruling dynasties of sheka
▪︎Tato-the title kings of sheka
▪︎Sheka- was conquered by oromo in the 17thc _19thc
▪︎ The oromo Monarchies
At about 1800 the Oromo of Gibe and Wollega were transformed from gada system to the Monarchical government in Gibe and Wollega state
A.they had contact with omotic states which had a long tradition of Monarchical government
B.The expansion of oromo into wide area affected the system which worked very well in small with groups
C.frequencies wars gave rise to power full individuals such as the Abba Dulas who became influential
D.The long distance trade and the spread of Islam undermined the power of Gada government
The Five Gibe Oromo States and the Monarchies
The five Gibe Oromo States and the Monarchies
1.limu-Enarya _ruled Abba Bagibo or Ibsa (1825_61)and the earliest Gibe States
2.Jima _ ruled by Abba Jifar II and the power full States of Gibe State
3.Gera:- ruled by Tullu Gunji .
4.Goma:-head by Abba Mano. 5.Guma:-ruled by Oncho Jilcha.
▪︎ THE WOLLEGA STATES
A.Leqa Neqemte-founded by bakare Godana
Kumsa Moroda-was successor of bakare and later became Gebre Igziabher after submitted to Menelik
B.leqa Qellem - founded by Tullu
Qellem was became powerful State during reign of jote Tullu, successor of his Father
The Harar Emirate
Harar was founded by Sultanates of Adal in 1380, at Deker, SW of Harar, from Ifat militant wing by Haqadin II
and Sa’adadin
■ The harar emirate
▪︎in 1577 the pressure of Oromo expansion forced the Sultanate of Adal from Harar to Ausa, NW Awash
▪︎Harar was became an independent as Emirate by Emir Ali Dawud (1647-1662).
▪︎The stone wall known as Jegol Gimbi of Harar was built by Emir Nur Mujihad (Successor of Ahmed Gragn)to resisted the Oromo pressure, after the killed Gelawdewos
▪︎Nur Mujahad could not pursue his victory over the CK due to Oromo had already occupied the city of Harar.
▪︎Harar was ruled by Egyptian military army of Mohammad Rauf Pasha (1875-1885) during reign of Khedive Ishmael
▪︎foreign countries were lived and traded with Harar like Arabs, Persia, Turks, Armenia, Greeks &British.
▪︎Harar was traded with Oromo and Somali via ports of Berber and Zeila.
▪︎in 1887, the last emir of Harar called Abdullahi was defeated at the battle of Chalanqo by Menelik.
■ The Sheikdoms, Asosa (Aqoldi, Benishangul and Komosha
▪︎founded in the Ethio-Sudanes border. The main factors for the rise of these States were influence of Islam and the border trade
▪︎these regions were very rich in gold which attracted Sudanese and Egyptians, but defeated by army of Menelik II
■ The Showan Kingdom
▪︎showa was founded in 1695 by Negas Kirtos in core area called Menze
▪︎showa reached its greatest powerful during King Sahle Sellassie (1833-1847),who adopted title of Negus for the first time
▪︎former Showan ruler is title called Abeto and Meridazmach
▪︎economic prosperity and political stability of the Shawa attractive Europeans
▪︎The first European missionaries to approach Shawa were Isenberg and Krapf (British) in 1837
▪︎British W.C. Harris signed treaty of commerce and friendship in 1841 with Sahle Sellassie of Showa
▪︎French Rochet Heircourt signed treaty like British in 1843.
▪︎Sahle Sellassie get firearms which able to expand his Kingdom.
▪︎Son of Sahle Sellassie, Haile Melokot ruled Showa from 1847-1856.
▪︎But Haile Melokot defeated by Tewodros at Battle of Barakat in1855
▪︎Tewodros captured Menelik from 1855-1865 and Menelik a son of Haile Melokot
▪︎Menelik escaped from Maqdala prison by help of Workitu and set up his power in Showa capital at Ankobar later shifted to Entoto until founding of Addis Ababa or Finfinne in 1886 by Taytu.
Trade and Trade Routes
■ Trade and trade routes
▪︎The trade routes of Ethiopia in the 19th century consisted of two main lines
1•Bonga (Kaffa),Jiren (Jima),Saka (Limu-Enarya),Assendabo (Horro Guduru Wollega),Basso (Gojjam),Darita
(Begemidir),Mettema or Qalabet (Sudan)and Adwa (Massawa) from Southwest to the Northern
2▪︎Jiren (Jima),Saka (Limu-Enarya),Soddo (Gurage),Rogge, Aliyyu Amba (Shawa),Harar to Zeila and Berbera from the Southwest to the Eastern
▪︎Export of items were coffee, Ivory, gold, rhinoceros horn, musk, Slave, skin and hide
▪︎Import items were mirror, cowry shell, cotton, glass, cloth and iron wires.
■ Medium of Exchange or Bartering
▪︎Bartering was a system in which people exchange what they have with what they do not have
▪︎Example Amole or Salt Bars (widely used),iron Bars, Beads, Abujadid, Maria Theresa Dollar (Thaler),which introduced to Ethiopia from Austria at end of 18th century.
▪︎The LDT of Eth was conducted and participated by foreigners merchants and by some Muslim Merchants Eth
▪︎Afkala was the Oromo Muslim Merchants of the Southwestern Ethiopia
▪︎Jabarti was the Muslim merchants of the Northern Ethiopia
▪︎Caravan were the group of Merchants who travelling wide distances with together for the safety.
▪︎Nagadras were the leader of the caravan of traders or chief of Merchants
▪︎The LDT Merchants of Eth were caused by rivers, gorge, desert, robber, bridge, kellas, shifta, and ragged terrain
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